Assessors must satisfy the Standards for Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) 2015/AQTF mandatory competency requirements for … Flexible Learning (FL) is a pedagogical approach allowing for flexibility of time, place, and audience, including but not solely focused on the use of technologies. This approach also appears to support flexible learning, and strategies to widen participation. Michigan’s K–12 academic standards serve to outline learning expectaions for Michigan’s students and are intended to guide local curriculum development. Ariadne Issue 24, June 2000. Equality of access. Available at website http://flexiblelearning.net.au/guides/keyterms.pdf Site accessed on 15 April, 2005.Backroad Connections Pty Ltd (2003), Definition of key terms used in e-learning (Version 1.00), Australian Flexible Learning Framework Quick Guides series.Campbell, M (2000) Aridane, Issue 25, Sept, 2000. PLoS ONE 14(10): Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, Roles This approach also appears to support flexible learning, and strategies to widen participation. The teachers were all familiar with teaching both in their schools’ traditional classrooms and flexible learning spaces and recognized how their teaching approaches varied between the two learning environments [5]. The new information becomes more meaningful and easier to understand because of the personal connection to the past. Is the Subject Area "Human learning" applicable to this article? Eight schools were co-educational and one school was an all-boys school. The researcher received two hours of training in identifying and classifying the behavioural codes and undertook practice observations from video recordings of lessons and during classroom lessons prior to data collection to develop a consistent understanding of the categories and to become familiar with the procedure. Element 3.2.1: Inclusive environment: Outdoor and indoor spaces are organised and adapted to support every child's participation and to engage every child in quality experiences in both built and natural environments. 4, series of 2020, “Guidelines on the Implementation of Flexible Learning” 2:00 PM. 5.3 The instructor’s plan for interacting with learners during the course is clearly stated. Further, an association has been found between middle school instructional environments that increasingly include the whole-class setting and classroom disengagement among youth [41]. Allow competition and cooperation as appropriate.Many standards apply to the different aspects of the online environment. Since teachers commonly report disruptive behaviour as talking out of turn or disturbing/hindering other students [40], these findings may be reassuring to educators who are concerned about possible challenges around managing disruptive classroom behaviour in these more autonomy-permissive, interactive environments. Effect sizes of approximately 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 were considered small, medium and large respectively [31]. With respect to students’ type of engagement, students in flexible learning spaces spent significantly more time actively engaged with the lesson content (d = 0.50, p = 0.001) and significantly less time verbally off-task (d = -0.44, p = 0.016) than in traditional classrooms, resulting in moderate and small effect sizes, respectively. Create safe conditions for rigorous learning - Domain 2. This study evaluated differences in student classroom behaviour between traditional classrooms and flexible learning spaces. Flexible Learning is closely related to Blended Learning and Distributed Learning. No, Is the Subject Area "Australia" applicable to this article? Flexible Learning Strategies in First through Fourth-Year Courses Alice Cassidy, Guopeng Fu, Will Valley, Cyprien Lomas, Eduardo Jovel, and Andrew Riseman . The newly adopted Common Core State Standards stress the importance of flexible thinking and problem solving. Student disengagement and lack of motivation are among the key elements that underpin the narrative around why schools are adapting their pedagogical approaches, rethinking the built classroom environment and creating flexible learning spaces [32]. To account for clustering, schools were used as a random effect in the model. This may translate into beneficial learning outcomes in the long-term. On-line learning is sometimes referred to as flexible learning, although not all online learning is flexible and not all flexible learning is online, the two seem to be used synonymously to describe a learning environment which is flexible in nature and also online. Standards cannot and should not be frozen in time; they must be flexible to the changing conditions of teaching and learning as they occur inside and outside of schools. With respect to the learning setting, students in flexible learning spaces spent less class time working as a whole class (d = -0.65, p = 0.001), more time working in groups of more than six students (d = 0.46, p = 0.004) and in groups of up to six students (d = 0.61, p = 0.001) compared with students in traditional classrooms, resulting in moderate effect sizes. The protocol was approved by the University of Wollongong’s Human Ethics Research Committee (HE16/021) and the New South Wales (NSW) State Education Research Applications Process (SERAP). Flexible Learning Strategies for Out-of-School Children - Duration: 3:29. Further students in flexible learning spaces spent less time being engaged in teacher-led instruction (d = -0.75), working independently (d = -0.79) and engaged in presentation-based work (d = 0.65) resulting in moderate to large effect sizes. 3. SLEC offers the following professional learning tools to support transition to innovative learning space: Learning space toolkit; Flexible Learning Space by Design - 5 hours of … Media; Newsletter; Subscribe to our Newsletter; Listen . Flexible learning is one way to address these shifts. It is an exciting application of the e-learning environment. Disengagement is of concern not least because it places students at risk of school dropout [33] but, because low school engagement has been shown to be a correlate and predictor of problem behaviour and poor health among adolescents [34]. The observation began approximately 10 minutes after the lesson commenced, once students had settled into the lesson. This article, Setting Standards for Electronic Portfolios looks at the potential of using electronic portfolios as a life long learning journal. For each of the six behavioural categories, the number of times each code within the category occurred was converted into a percentage, for each participant, for each observation period. 4. Conceptualization, Assessment is the process of collecting evidence and making judgments as to whether the individual has achieved the competency desired at a level specified in the competency standards, curriculum or learning outcomes for a particular course for which accreditation and equivalency of learning is sought. Supervision, 2.2 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how babies and children learn and develop. Citation: Kariippanon KE, Cliff DP, Lancaster SJ, Okely AD, Parrish A-M (2019) Flexible learning spaces facilitate interaction, collaboration and behavioural engagement in secondary school. We acknowledge the Futures Learning Unit of the NSW Department of Education and Training, especially Kathleen Donohoe and Robert Fraser for their support with identifying eligible schools. Assessment is the process of collecting evidence and making judgments as to whether the individual has achieved the competency desired at a level specified in the competency standards, curriculum or learning outcomes for a particular course for which accreditation and equivalency of learning is sought. The standards and procedures for the P&S Learning Environment have been adopted by the P&S Curriculum and Education Policy Committee, and are discussed with students during orientation and transition to the Major Clinical Year. Flexible Learning Health and Social Care . 2020 … 3. This finding is possibly due to the fact that teachers participating in this study all valued the importance of teacher-student interaction and therefore may have demonstrated greater levels of engagement with their students in both types of conditions, than teachers in traditional classroom typically would. This resulted in funding managed at a State/Territory level, for schools to develop new learning spaces [12]. This may translate into beneficial learning outcomes in the long-term. Media; Newsletter; Subscribe to our Newsletter; Listen . No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223607, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-017-9254-9, https://education.nsw.gov.au/teaching-and-learning/curriculum/learning-for-the-future/future-focused-learning-and-teaching, https://ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=64138451&site=eds-live, http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.7459/ct/29.1.02, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-013-9149-3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-013-0112-1, https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2014.921280, https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2014.975737, https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1099077, http://aer.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/00028312038002437, http://rer.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/00346543074001059, http://www.iletc.com.au/publications/reports, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.07.003, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1278354, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.2.0133, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10528008.2008.11489024, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01098.x, http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/national_declaration_on_the_educational_goals_for_young_australians.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2016.1220359, http://aer.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/0002831213507973, http://aer.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/0002831209361209, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00346543049004577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.002. Additionally it could be important to investigate the effect of employing a student-centred approach in traditional classrooms since the majority of secondary school classrooms remain traditional and pedagogical changes in themselves may have a beneficial impact on the outcomes measured in this study. The lesson content and teacher were consistent across both conditions. Second, standards-based curriculum benefits learning through the practice of building on a student’s prior knowledge to teach new concepts. In addition it has been shown that among classroom level factors, teacher-student interactions are the greatest predictor of learning outcomes in standardised tests [46]. It gives the student and lecturer control and portability over their records and learning accomplishments, not only during their time at University, but in their working life as well. Dylan P. Cliff, Ice Cream Shop Tycoon: Flexible, No-Prep, Standards-based PBL (Project-Based Learning Simplified, Band 2) | J Matthews | ISBN: 9781686011986 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. Online learning; Media. Further the spaces and how they are used, facilitate ample opportunities to enhance student creativity, innovation, communication and problem solving skills, which are deemed increasingly crucial for the workplaces of the future that students are being prepared for by schools. Effective design of leaning spaces has been found to facilitate constructivist pedagogy and student engagement [25,26] and research suggests that how classroom space is arranged has implications for student performance [27]. Conceptualization, HVAC DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS METAL AND FLEXIBLE … If you’re asking this question, then well done, you! As such, the differences observed in student behaviour can likely be attributed to the changes in the built environment and teaching approach, rather than to differences between cohorts of students. Flexible learning requires a balance of power between institutions and students, and seeks to find ways in which choice can be provided that is economically viable and appropriately manageable for institutions and … Table 1 provides detail on the categories, codes, and descriptions used in this study. AICTEC: Newsletter of the AICTEC Standards and Interoperability Committee (ASIC) Issue 4, August 2004. Difference in passive engagement and passive and motor off-task behaviour were non-significant between the two conditions. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. Standardizing design features for learning spaces. 5. Interoperability means a course will be able to communicate with any other SCORM related course or Learning … Unlike learning and experience curves, they work on any output measure, and they are not confined to costs or prices. Sarah J. Lancaster, This includes meeting the Ministry’s standards for … We thank Byron Kemp for his assistance with the data analysis. To maximise the validity and reliability of the observations one researcher completed all observations. You can see it in action for yourselves when you log into the QUT library database. FLEXIBLE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS S. chool and classroom designs should facilitate modern learning methods that prepare students for college, careers, and citizenship in the twenty-first century. Flexible learning can occur anywhere, anyhow, anyway. Online learning; Media. Further research is required to unpack the complexity of the interplay between the built environment and the pedagogical approaches and how best to support teachers’ environmental competencies to maximise the benefits that flexible learning spaces can offer adolescents. This provided Filipinos the chance to have access to complete basic education in a mode that fits their distinct situation and needs. Anthony D. Okely, Methodology, General Standards . In traditional classrooms the approach was predominantly teacher-led and in the flexible learning space it was student-centred. Yes Office of Programs and Standards Development: Public Orientation on the CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. While it is recognised that engagement occurs on a cognitive, emotional and behavioural level [37,38], behavioural engagement–which can be classified according to how students interact with the teacher, their peers and the lesson content–is assessed most frequently as it is directly observable [39]. The application of the Z39.50 standard allows users of the QUT library to access the many online databases such as Proquest and Emerald, which the QUT library subscribes to.While not riveting reading, if you are interested in understanding more about how Z39.50 provides a standard for interoperability read more in the article by Paul Miller Z39.50 for All available athttp://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue21/z3950/intro.htmlFurther Readings. University of British Columbia . Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 2. 2 Course Technology . Changes to the built environment are increasingly accompanied by an array of professional development opportunities for teachers. Students also spent significantly less class time being taught in a whole class setting (d = -0.65, p = 0.001), engaged in teacher-led instruction (d = -0.75, p = 0.001), working individually (d = -0.79, p = 0.001), verbally off-task (d = -0.44, p = 0.016), and using technology (d = -0.26, p = 0.022) than in traditional classrooms. This has implications for the nature of professional development that is offered to teachers as well as the ongoing support provided at the departmental and local school level, as teachers and students transition into flexible learning spaces. In flexible learning spaces, students spent more time collaborating and interacting positively with their peers, as well as more time presenting work back to the class. Quality Standards for Expanded Learning Programs Point-of-Service Quality Standards Safe and supportive environment The program provides a safe and nurturing environment that supports the developmental, social-emotional and physical needs of all students. MANILA, Philippines — Higher Education institutions (HEIs) implementing “flexible learning” may start the next academic year by August, the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) said Thursday. The majority of flexible learning spaces lacked a distinct front of the classroom, with resources including smart boards and whiteboard walls available around the room, giving the teacher greater flexibility to move around the space. The observer used headphones to alert them to observe and categorize the six student’s behaviour at 30-second intervals, on a rotational basis over a 30 minute period. This procedure has been found to be effective when seeking to describe students’ classroom behaviour [30]. student learning (Standard 14): Standard 7: The institution has developed and implemented an assessment plan and process that evaluates its overall effectiveness in achieving its mission and goals, its efficiency in the use of its resources, and its effectiveness in assuring that its students and graduates achieve the appropriate learning and other outcomes. Although an estimated 25% of Australian classrooms are now no longer classified as ‘traditional’ [18], there is limited empirical evidence on the effects that flexible learning spaces have on adolescent classroom behaviour and ultimately learning outcomes in the secondary school setting [19,20]. Available online at www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eq0324.pdf. Writing – original draft, A strength of this study is that the same teacher and students were observed in both conditions. There will be a flexible approach for the submission of teacher assessment outcomes at the end of key stages 1 and 2. The Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (APST) describe the elements of high quality, effective teaching. Copyright: © 2019 Kariippanon et al. 4. Let's do it together! Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. It illustrates how important standards and interoperability are in establishing and maintaining functional and organised electronic portfolios. No, Is the Subject Area "Pedagogy" applicable to this article? • Pace “encompasses accelerated and decelerated programmes, part-time learning, recognition of prior learning and associated credit frameworks.” The incorporation of virtual space into learning environments necessitates additional modifications to both the built environment and the pedagogical approach to capitalise on the affordances of technology [14]. Specific Review Standards . 2.1 Develop democratic relationships (PDF 468KB) 2.2 Build a community of learners (PDF 544KB) 2.3 Negotiate learning (PDF 481KB) 2.4 Challenge students to achieve high standards with appropriate support (PDF 576KB) Domain 2 SA TfEL framework guide (PDF 2MB) Students often fluctuate multiple times between being actively or passively engaged to being passively, verbally or motor off-task throughout a lesson. Two quite distinct pedagogical approaches were evident in the two learning environments across the nine schools. The interaction of four components - technology, pedagogy, implementation strategies, organisational framework - can lead to learner-centred experiences when they are well integrated (Collis & Moonen, 2001). Students were given the autonomy to choose where in the space to work, what furniture and resource to use and typically formed groups or worked independently out of their own volition. Site accessed on 13 April, 2005. posted by Stuart @ 9:22 PM   Interoperability becomes a quality of increasing importance for information technology products as the concept that “the network is the computer” becomes a reality.The following cartoon illustrates the point. here. supports collaborative learning and teaching for students and teachers. In this context student-centred is defined as encouraging students to become active participants, engaged in their own learning experiences. NRTH CAROLNA PROFESSNAL TEACN STANDARDS STANDARD 2 Teachers Establish a Respectful Environment for a Diverse Population of Students Teachers provide an environment in which each child has a positive, nurturing relationship with caring adults. No, Is the Subject Area "Built environment" applicable to this article? This is much like the secondary education reforms in the Netherlands where a shift is occurring from learning environments based on knowledge transmission to those designed for knowledge construction [13]. 2.4 Lead and model effective strategies to develop and extend children’s learning and thinking, including sustained shared thinking. Teachers were required to teach in a manner typical of how they would normally conduct their lesson in the respective learning spaces. Half-life curves are also flexible. In Australia, in parallel to the shift underway in the education sector, a significant policy initiative Building the Education Revolution (BER), was launched as part of the Federal Government’s response to the global financial crisis. Early Start, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, Designed by teachers for teachers, the APST serves as a public statement of teacher quality and a nationally consistent reference and description of the teaching role. Project administration, However, previous research has shown that regardless of improvements in spatial configuration, physical features or classroom furnishing, direct instruction remains the dominant pedagogical approach used in schools [22], highlighting that pedagogical adaptation is not necessarily a natural flow-on from changes to the built environment. FLS Recommended for you. E-STANDARDS.FLEXIBLELEARNING.NET.AU: vocational, e-standards, vet, elearning, e-learning. The difference in time spent sitting individually between the two conditions was not significant. Formal analysis, Learner choice and personal flexibility focus on students, while institutional agility and balanced pragmatism emphasise institutions. A comprehensive glossary is available at AICTEC:Standards Matter available online at http://standards.edna.edu.au/newsletter/0407/glossary.htmlWhat is interoperability?‘To be interoperable, one should actively be engaged in the ongoing process of ensuring that the systems, procedures and culture of an organisation are managed in such a way as to maximize opportunities for exchange and re-use of information, whether internally or externally.’ Paul Miller quoted in the Quick Guide on Interoperability (Backroad Connections 2003).This quote also by Paul Miller (2000) explains interoperability as:[…] is the ability of a system or a product to work with other systems or products without special effort on the part of the customer. Social – the people in the environment and how they interact This study measured engagement along this continuum and found no differences in time spent off-task (passive or motor) between the two conditions. Previous research has demonstrated that a strong student-teacher relationship fosters behavioural engagement [44], and that in classrooms where teachers facilitate dialogue and discussion, student engagement is enhanced [45]. Element 3.2.1: Inclusive environment: Outdoor and indoor spaces are organised and adapted to support every child's participation and to engage every child in quality experiences in both built and natural environments. 2. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. A flexible classroom is fundamental to an instruc-tor’s ability to adapt to various needs. Methodology, To provide additional detail and to ensure the tool was able to capture elements of interests that exist within a flexible learning space, a further two categories, namely mode of learning, and use of technology were added to the instrument. As a board of trustees, when you are upgrading your school’s learning spaces, you must comply with Designing Quality Learning Spaces (DQLS) guidelines as part of creating an Innovative Learning Environment. prior learning). Traditional classrooms (Fig 1) were a standard single classroom (M = 50m2), which typically contained a desk and chair for each student, arranged in rows of paired desks or a u-shape facing the front. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223607.g001. Support with learning space. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223607.g002. ‘Blended and flexible learning’ (BFL) is a design approach that examines the relationships between flexible learning opportunities, in order to optimise student engagement and equivalence in learning outcomes regardless of mode of study (Keppell, 2010). A total of 243 students from nine participating schools were invited to participate in the study and 203 provided informed consent (83%). An array of learning environments are emerging across educational institutions as educators strive to adapt their teaching practices and enhance learning outcomes [5]. Globally, many schools are replacing traditional classrooms with innovative flexible learning spaces to improve academic outcomes. e0223607. Overall students in flexible learning spaces spent a greater proportion of class time actively engaged with the lesson. It is purported that flexible learning spaces inherently support educators to employ student-centred teaching approaches [15], and that these spaces can accommodate and facilitate learning modes such as collaboration, explicit instruction, independent work, feedback and reflection as well as experiential learning, which are believed to lead to improvements in students’ engagement and motivation [16]. For more advanced students, ask them to explore topics that interest them then share the ideas with the rest of the class. With space, students may be given dedicated breakout rooms to work collaboratively. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, The shift in practice is mirrored by an emerging research focus on the spatiality of education [11]. This is often referred to as the pace, place, and mode of learning. A non-formal education in the Philippines had been set as the Alternative Learning System commonly known as ALS. Documenting learning space aspects critical to supporting users. The following ethics committees would need to be contacted to request the data: - The University of Wollongong Ethics Committee (contact via rso-ethics@uow.edu.au); - NSW State Education Research Applications Process (SERAP) (contact via serap@det.nsw.edu.au). September 25, 2020: Public hearing / consultation on the Proposed New Normal Policies and Guidelines on the Deployment of Pre-service Teacher for Field Study and Teaching Internship for A.Y. Flexible learning environments address how physical space is used, how students are grouped during learning and how time is used throughout teaching. This was not measured in the present study as schools were moving from traditional classrooms with teacher-led approaches to flexible learning spaces with student-centred pedagogy, so it was deemed a priority to investigate these two ends of the space/pedagogy spectrum. Aspirational Standards for Staff Capabilities in Blended and Flexible Learning Professor Mike Keppell Charles Sturt University Australia EDULEARN11 - Barcelona (a) Awards (including those made under delegated authority) are made and classified exclusively on the basis of criterion-referenced assessment of learning outcomes (knowledge, skill and competence). If you are using or thinking of using digital portfolios in your classroom, read this article to see the potential when applied to tertiary education and life long learning. Teachers should: • to help meet the special … This is supported by findings that suggest that when peer to peer classroom interaction contributes to the creation of a positive interpersonal environment, student engagement increases [43]. Students had limited reasons or options to stand or move around the room, or find an alternative place to work throughout the lesson or to engage with one another. At the second data collection time point, the same six students were again observed. As a board of trustees, when you are upgrading your school’s learning spaces, you must comply with Designing Quality Learning Spaces (DQLS) guidelines as part of creating an Innovative Learning Environment. The framework can be utilized in two ways. Katharina E. Kariippanon, Advance HE believes that flexible learning is about empowering students by offering them choices in how, what, when and where they learn: the pace, place and mode of delivery. However flexible learning in itself is complex, and not as simple as this definition implies. Observations were conducted in subject areas including English, mathematics, geography, and history. Further there was no significant difference in negative interactions among students between the two conditions, but significantly more positive interaction in the flexible learning condition. 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